Posts tagged ‘politica’

schimbare de stafeta

Noul Ambasadar al Regatului Unit în România, HMA (Her Majesty’s Ambassador) Martin Harris, scrie – pe blogul oficial al Foreign & Commonwealth Office – despre experiența acreditării în postul de ambasador:

The post of Ambassador is no ordinary job. For most jobs you do an interview, sign a contract, show up at the office and get down to work. I did an interview for this job, but that was over a year ago in London. Once I was selected for it, I became a piece of protocol in the diplomatic relationship between Romania and the United Kingdom.

The exchange of Ambassadors is one of the essential functions of diplomatic relations, and it is an exchange that takes place between Heads of State. So my appointment first had to be agreed by the Queen and then by the President of Romania. But even then I wasn’t Ambassador in the fullest sense.

The protocol dictates that the new Ambassador should be received by the Head of State and present his credentials. This tradition goes back to the days before e-mail, telephone, fax or even the postal system. The Ambassador would arrive in the country like a postman carrying letters from the sovereign for the receiving Head of State. And especially two letters – one notifying him or her that the Ambassador is empowered to represent the United Kingdom, and the other informing the host Head of State that the Ambassador’s predecessor has been recalled from his or her duties.

So, in my first week in Bucharest, carrying these two letters each embossed with the Royal seal, dressed in my best (in my case my kilt), accompanied by my wife, Deputy Defence Attaché and, creating my own bit of tradition, one of the longest-serving Romanian member of the Embassy’s staff, I went up to the Cotroceni Palace to meet the President.

Totodată, proaspătul ambasador împărtășește, într-o altă postare, o perspectivă pozitivă asupra evoluției României de-a lungul ultimilor douăzeci de ani:

The following summer, 1990, we both took the train to eastern Europe to see the countries which had been cut off from the West for so long, and we came here to Romania. I really treasure my memories of that summer. There was an extraordinary atmosphere – of excitement but uncertainty, possibility and danger. I still remember the buildings in Sibiu which had been raked by gunfire. But I also remember the warm welcome we got from everyone we met in Romania. It wasn’t easy traveling around the country that summer. It was sometimes hard to find somewhere to eat, somewhere to stay, even something to drink. But we always found someone to help us out. In Brasov I remember we were met at the station by an old lady, Maria, who offered us accommodation at her house, fed us superbly and helped us out with tickets for the next leg of our journey. She sent us a card at Christmas for years afterwards.[…]

And now we’re back in Romania. I could not have imagined twenty years ago that I would return here as British Ambassador. And I could not have imagined that I would be returning to a country that was a member of NATO and a member of the EU. Three things strike me after twenty years. The first is the astonishing achievement of Romania’s accession to the EU and NATO, in spite of the trauma that Ceasescu’s regime wreaked on Romania’s society and its economy. I’m proud that the United Kingdom was at the forefront of those advocating Romania’s accession and in supporting Romania in its journey towards membership.

Martin Harris îi succede lui Robin Barnett, care, timp de 4 ani, a reprezentat la cel mai înalt nivel Marea Britanie în România.

Cine dorește să știe mai multe despre relațiile bilaterale dintre cele două țări poate consulta paginia oficială a Ambasadei Marii Britanii în România, probabil cel mai clar și bine-structurat site de ambasadă dintre toate misiunile diplomatice oficiale prezente la București.

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mai exista cercetare in Romania

Nu reprezintă pentru nimeni o noutate faptul că – în România – cercetarea este codașă în lista de priorități a guvernanților, indiferent de coloratura lor politică. Cifrele brute vorbesc de la sine și nu lasă loc de nuanțe și interpretări. În acest context (vitreg), descoperirea cercetătorilor de la Institutul ”Victor Babeș” apare cu atât mai remarcabilă. Astfel, aceștia au descoperit un nou tip de celule, denumite telocite, celule care joacă un rol important în capacitatea de regenerare și reparare a țesuturilor și organelor din corpul omenesc, împreună cu celulele-stem.

Romanian researchers from “Victor Babes” National Institute for Research and Development in the Field of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences have discovered a cell type, which, together with stem cells could promote regeneration of heart muscle affected by stroke. Victor Babes Institute’s specialists have discovered by chance, while doing research on cells in the intestine, the presence of very small cells that help regenerate organs.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal discovered a particular cell type in the gut, which he named “interstitial neurons” more that 100 years ago. In the early 1970s, electron microscope (EM) studies showed that indeed a special interstitial cell type corresponding to the cells discovered by Cajal is localized in the gut muscle coat, but it became obvious that they were not neurons. Consequently, they were renamed “Interstitial Cells of Cajal”(ICC) and considered to be pace-makers for gut motility. For the past 10 years many groups were interested in whether or not ICC are present outside the gastrointestinal tract, and indeed, peculiar interstitial cells were found in: upper and lower urinary tracts, blood vessels, pancreas, male and female reproductive tracts, mammary gland, placenta, and, recently, in the heart as well as in the gut. Such cells, now mostly known as Interstitial Cajal-Like Cells (ICLC), were given different and confusing names. Moreover, ICLC are only apparently similar to canonical ICC. In fact, EM and cell cultures revealed very particular features of ICLC, which unequivocally distinguishes them from ICC and all other interstitial cells: the presence of 2–5 cell body prolongations that are very thin (less than 0.2 mm, under resolving power of light microscopy), extremely long (tens to hundreds of mm), with a moniliform aspect (many dilations along), as well as caveolae. Given the unique dimensions of these prolongations (very long and very thin) and to avoid further confusion with other interstitial cell types (e.g. fibroblast, fibrocyte, fibroblast-like cells, mesenchymal cells), was coined the term TELOCYTES for them, and TELOPODES for their prolongations, by using the Greek affix “telos”.

According to Laurenţiu Popescu, President of the Academy of Medical Sciences, the telocyte cells were highlighted by Romanian scholars and their existence was confirmed by independent teams from Italy, Germany, Britain and China. In tandem with stem cells, telocytes can help restore some vital organs like heart and brain.

“If we succeed to isolate, multiply them with stem cells, we can use effectively to treat heart attack,” said Professor Laurenţiu Popescu, M.D., Ph.D.

De aici. Cine vrea să cunoască mai multe despre istoria și detaliile descoperirii poate arunca o privire aici.

Lesne de înțeles, o finațare corespunzătoare a institutelor de cercetare care chiar produc rezultate științifice ar reprezenta o promovare mult mai bună pentru România, în loc de aruncat bani aiurea pe concerte și scene inutile marca Ridzi sau pe campanii de plagiat frunze marca Udrea & co. De pildă, comparați milionul de euro necesar Institutului ”Victor Babeș” cu sumele care se fură, cu acte în regulă, în România actuală…

PS Aflu că știrea nu este tocmai nouă, domnul Popescu acordând un interviu încă din luna aprilie revistei Viața Medicală, interviu în care acesta vorbește despre descoperirea telocitelor. Pesemne mass-media autohtonă nu a considerat subiectul destul de important pentru a fi strecurat în vreun jurnal de știri sau colț de tabloid, în cele patru luni scurse de atunci…

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sapte motive pentru plecarea din Romania

Acum câteva zile prezentam un argument în favoarea rămânerii în țară. Astază voi încerca să sintetizez  o serie de argumente în sprijinul plecării/emigrării din România; unele se regăsesc și în comentariile de la postarea respectivă. Bineînțeles, considerentele pecuniare sunt doar o fațetă a problemei. Dorința de a pleca este determinată și de alte criterii, mai greu sau mai ușor de cuantificat, dar la fel de întemeiate:

Și s-ar putea continua, fiecare își poate completa lista cu propriile argumente și percepții.

PS  O privire la criteriile Indexului de Dezvoltare Umană este utilă.

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despre expulzarile din Franta

De pe site-ul Comisiei Europene, un rezumat al legislației cu privire la dreptul de rezidență și de muncă al cetățenilor dintr-un stat membru al Uniunii Europene pe teritoriul altui stat membru:

Workers

You have the right to live in any EU country where you work, are self-employed or have been posted to.

Job loss

If you lose your job while living in another country, you can keep your right to work and live there if you are:

  • temporarily unable to work because of illness or accident
  • registered with the employment office as involuntarily unemployed after having been
    • employed for more than 1 year (or less than 1 year if you had a fixed-term contract)
      or
    • employed for less than 1 year on a permanent contract (in which case, you retain the right to live and seek work for at least another 6 months)
  • beginning vocational training (if you are not involuntarily unemployed, the training must be related to your previous job).
Registration

During the first 3 months of your stay in your new country, you cannot be required to register (to obtain a document confirming your right to stay) but can do so if you wish.

After 3 months in your new country, you may be required to register with the relevant authority (often the town hall or local police station).

To obtain your registration certificate, you will need:

  • Employees / Postings abroad
    • Valid identity card or passport
    • Certificate of employment or confirmation of recruitment from your employer
  • Self-employed
    • Valid identity card or passport
    • Proof of your status as self-employed
  • Pensioners
    • Valid identity card or passport
    • Proof of comprehensive health insurance
    • Proof you can support yourself without needing income support.
  • Request to leave / Expulsion

    You may live in the other EU country as long as you continue to meet the conditions for residence. If you no longer do so, the national authorities may require you to leave.

    In exceptional cases, your new country can decide to expel you on grounds of public policy or public security but only if it can prove you represent a very serious threat.

Totul e clar. Ai voie să stai mai mult de 3 luni dacă demonstrezi că ești student sau angajat legal. Dacă nu, statul în cauză te poate expulza fără prea multe discuții. Cum s-a și întâmplat cu ai noști bravi connaționali – iubitori de tabere seminomade – ce-și caută prosperitatea pe alte meleaguri apusene pentru că sunt asupriți în România. Mă îndoiesc că printre cei expediați înapoi în România există vreunul angajat legal pe teritoriul statului francez. Cine va studia istoria dreptului comunitar va găsi destule cazuri legate de dreptul muncii (și rezidența implicită) ajunse pe ordinea de zi a Curții Europene de Justiție, cu mult înainte de admiterea României sau Bulgariei în Uniune.

Atât. Discuțiile legate de etnie, discriminări și încălcarea drepturilor omului sunt inutile.

PS  Lectură utilă și pentru cei care vorbesc despre „ilegalitatea” măsurilor colective și intoleranța francezilor.

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populatia lumii. 2010 si 2050

Din 2010 World Population Data Sheet:

1. Statistici generale:

statistici populatia globului

 

2. Cele mai populate țări în prezent – și estimările peste 40 de ani:

 

Cele mai populatie tari 2010 si 2050

 

3. Țările cu populația cea mai tânără, respectiv cea mai bătrână:

tarile cu cea mai tanara si cea mai batrana populatie

 

4. A fost nevoie de cinci mii de ani de istorie (înregistrată) pentru ca populația lumii să atingă cifra de 1 miliard, în 1800. Al doilea miliard a fost înregistrat peste 130 de ani, în 1930. Pentru al treilea a fost nevoie doar de 30 de ani. În prezent populația lumii crește cu aproximativ 1 miliard la fiecare 12 ani.

tendinte

 

5. Lucrul extrem de interesant – piramida vârstelor nu arată deloc bine pentru țările dezvoltate. Mult prea puțini tineri, comparativ cu persoanele în etate, spre deosebire de țările în curs de dezvoltare. De aici și controversele actuale legate de vârsta de pensionare în țările europene.

piramida varstelor

 

6. Strâns legat de punctul 5 anterior – numărul de adulți apți de muncă, capabili să sprijine economic persoanele în etate, este în declin pe plan global, cu variațiile de rigoare de la țară la țară:

rata de suport a varstnicilor

 

7.  În ceea ce privește Europa:

europa
europa2

speranta de viata
speranta de viata 2
speranta de viata 3

În rezumat:

In a sobering assessment of those two trends, William P. Butz, president of the Population Reference Bureau, said that “chronically low birthrates in developed countries are beginning to challenge the health and financial security of the elderly” at the same time that “developing countries are adding over 80 million to the population each year and the poorest of those countries are adding 20 million, exacerbating poverty and threatening the environment.”

Projections, especially over decades, are vulnerable to changes in immigration, retirement ages, birthrates, health care and other variables, but in releasing the bureau’s 2010 population data sheet, Carl Haub, its senior demographer, estimated this week that by 2050 the planet will be home to more than nine billion people.

Even with a decline in birthrates in less developed countries from 6 children per woman in 1950 to 2.5 today (and to 2 children or less in Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Iran, Thailand and Turkey), the population of Africa is projected to at least double by midcentury to 2.1 billion. Asia will add an additional 1.3 billion.

While the United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand will continue to grow because of higher birthrates and immigration, Europe, Japan and South Korea will shrink (although the recession reduced birthrates in the United States and Spain and slowed rising birthrates in Russia and Norway).

Din New York Times.

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numarul de executii pe glob

China execută mai mulți oameni decât restul lumii la un loc, conform ultimului raport al Amnesty International. Lucru firesc, dacă ne gândim că inclusiv traficul de droguri e pasibil de pedeapsa capitală în Republica Populară Chineză. În toată această vreme, Statele Unite – cea mai cunoscută țară din acest punct de vedere – nu se poate mândri „decât” cu 52 de execuții în 2009, număr ce pălește în fața celor peste 388 ale Iranului, de exemplu.

executiiexecutii in lume in 2009

info

Iar Amnesty International le plânge de milă, desigur, în numele progresului și al drepturilor omului șamd:

Amnesty International has been campaigning for the total abolition of the death penalty since 1977. The organization believes that the death penalty violates the right to life and is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. It opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of the nature of the crime, the characteristics of the offender, or the method used by the state to kill the prisoner.

Amnesty International believes that the death penalty legitimizes an irreversible act of violence by the state. Research demonstrates that the death penalty is often applied in a discriminatory manner, being used disproportionately against the poor, minorities and members of racial, ethnic and religious communities. The death penalty is often imposed after a grossly unfair trial. But even when trials respect international standards of fairness, the risk of executing the innocent can never be fully eliminated – the death penalty will inevitably claim innocent victims, as has been persistently demonstrated.

While the death penalty runs the risk of irrevocable error, it has not been proven to have any special deterrent effect. It denies the possibility of rehabilitation. It promotes simplistic responses to complex human problems, rather than pursuing constructive solutions. It consumes resources that could be better used to work against violent crime and assist those affected by it. It is a symptom of a culture of violence, not a solution to it. It is an affront to human dignity.

The world witnessed further progress towards ending judicial killings by states in 2009. For the first time since Amnesty International started keeping records, not a single execution was carried out in all of Europe, while important steps were taken to turn the United Nations General Assembly resolutions calling for a worldwide moratorium on executions into reality. 
Two more countries, Burundi and Togo, abolished the death penalty in 2009, bringing the number of countries that have removed capital punishment entirely from their laws to 95. The world is in reach of 100 countries declaring their refusal to put people to death. 
In the Americas, the United States of America (USA) was the only nation to carry out executions in 2009. 
In sub-Saharan Africa only two countries executed prisoners: Botswana and Sudan. 
In Asia, there were no executions in Afghanistan, Indonesia, Mongolia and Pakistan in 2009, the first execution-free year in those countries in recent times.

These successes follow decisions by the UN General Assembly in 2007 and 2008 to call for a global moratorium on executions as a first step to total abolition. Amnesty International hopes and believes that the UN General Assembly resolutions – the first of their kind – will continue to be a major influence in persuading countries to abandon their use of capital punishment. A similar resolution will be considered at the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly in late 2010. 
But even as world opinion and practice shift inexorably towards abolition, the extensive and politicized use of the death penalty continues in countries including China, Iran and Sudan. In 2009, as in previous years, the majority of the world’s executions occurred in two regions: Asia and the Middle East and North Africa. 
The continuing executions of juvenile offenders – those under 18 years of age at the time of the crime – continued in two countries: Iran and Saudi Arabia. These executions were in violation of international law.
Secrecy surrounds the use of the death penalty in countries such as China, Belarus, Iran, Mongolia, North Korea and Viet Nam. Such secrecy is indefensible. If capital punishment is a legitimate act of government as these nations claim, there is no reason for its use to be hidden from the public and international scrutiny.[…]

De aici.

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despre discriminare in America

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION SAT

Un senator american democrat scrie, în Wall Street Journal, despre ipocrizia actualei politici  antidiscriminare din Statele Unite.

Forty years ago, as the United States experienced the civil rights movement, the supposed monolith of White Anglo-Saxon Protestant dominance served as the whipping post for almost every debate about power and status in America. After a full generation of such debate, WASP elites have fallen by the wayside and a plethora of government-enforced diversity policies have marginalized many white workers. The time has come to cease the false arguments and allow every American the benefit of a fair chance at the future.

I have dedicated my political career to bringing fairness to America’s economic system and to our work force, regardless of what people look like or where they may worship. Unfortunately, present-day diversity programs work against that notion, having expanded so far beyond their original purpose that they now favor anyone who does not happen to be white.

In an odd historical twist that all Americans see but few can understand, many programs allow recently arrived immigrants to move ahead of similarly situated whites whose families have been in the country for generations. These programs have damaged racial harmony. And the more they have grown, the less they have actually helped African-Americans, the intended beneficiaries of affirmative action as it was originally conceived.

Pentru că în Statele Unite dacă ești alb poți fi discriminat fără probleme – la ocuparea unui loc în facultate sau angajare – conform unei logici istorice absurde: „strămoșii tăi albi i-au asuprit pe strămoșii afro-americanilor actuali, acum 100-150 de ani”…

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economia Uniunii Europene, in 7 imagini sugestive

1. Mărimea Produsului Intern Brut:

marime PIB

 

2.  Venitul mediu pe cap de locuitor (GDP per capita):

GDP per capita

 

3. Rata șomajului:

somaj

 

4. Datorie publică și deficit bugetar:

datorie publicadeficit bugetar

 

5. Evoluția PIB:

evolutie PIBPrimul semestrul din 2010

De aici.

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despre pensii in Franta

Folosind 7 indicatori sintetici, OECD ne prezintă situația actuală a sistemului de pensii francez, prin comparație cu celelalte state membre.

Ca tendință generală, de acum binecunoscută de către toți, populația țărilor din OECD îmbătrânește. În 1950 existau 7 persoane active pentru fiecare pensionar. În 2010, acest raport a ajuns la 4:1. Se estimează că în 2040 vor fi doar 2.2 persoane active pentru fiecare pensionar. Pentru comparație, în România de astăzi există maxim un lucrător pentru fiecare pensionar (raport de 1:1).

persoane active vs persoane peste 65 de ani

Costurile cu sistemul public de pensii continuă să crească. În 2007, cheltuielile cu pensiile se cifrau la 10% din produsul intern brut, în medie în Uniunea Europeană. Până în 2060 valoarea respectivă va ajunge la 12.5%.

cheltuieli cu pensiile

Cu toate că media vârstei legale de pensionare este de 63-64 de ani în OECD, vârsta reală de pensionare este semnificativ mai scăzută. De exemplu, în Franța majoritatea oamenilor se pensionează înainte de 60 de ani.

varsta legala de pensionare

Discrepanță ilustrativă: în Suedia sau Elveția, 7 din 10 persoane peste 50 de ani lucrează. În Franța, procentul este de 50%.

procentul persoanelor active de peste 50 de ani

Și în ceea ce privește timpul petrecut la pensie există diferențe notabile: media OECD este de 18 ani pentru bărbați și 23 pentru femei, în vreme ce francezii se bucură de cea mai lungă perioadă de inactivitate – 28 de ani pentru femei și 24 pentru bărbați.

timp petrecut la pensie

În OECD pensionarii ce câștigau salariul mediu pe economie primesc, sub formă de pensie,  60% din veniturile realizate în perioada de activitate. În Marea Britanie, procentul este de doar 30%.

procentul din salariu primit ca pensie

În majoritatea țărilor OECD, sistemul public de pensii furnizează aproximativ 60% din venitul persoanelor pensionate:

sistemul public de pensii

Cu toate acestea, francezii nu sunt dispuși să accepte creșterea vârstei de pensionare.

PS. Inutil de precizat că România stă mult mai prost decât media OECD la toate capitolele enunțate anterior.

Un articol relevant pe această temă – aici.

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The Economist despre Romania

IF YOU can’t cut pensions, raise taxes. That is the Romanian government’s response to a supreme court ruling that its planned cuts in pensions and social benefits were illegal. Instead, the govenrment will raise value-added tax to 24%, the highest in Europe. The aim is to placate the International Monetary Fund, which is the guarantor of a $20 billion bailout plan. But the IMF says it may postpone a meeting, planned for June 30th, at which it was due to assess Romania’s progress in stabilising the economy and reducing the deficit from 7.2% of GDP to 6.8% this year. Had all gone well, it would have given the OK for the next €2 billion ($2.68 billion) tranche of IMF and EU money.

de aici.

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